The population of Madagascar is expected to grow by 787,000 in 2025 and reach 32,298,000 in 2026. Migration (including immigration and emigration) decreases population by 1,500 people yearly. On average there are 961,853 births and 168,903 deaths in Madagascar per year. Rate of natural increase is approximately 2.52 percent per year. The population density of Madagascar has changed from 15.0 in 1980 to 51.5 in 2023.
| Current population | 31,937,260 people at present (Saturday 19th of July 2025) | |
| Median Age | 24.3 years |
| Life expectancy | 68.9 years | |
| Population density | 54.1 per km2 |
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 31,500,000 | 787,000 (2.5%) | -1,500 | 24.3 | 3.73 | 54 | 13,031,000 (41.4%) |
| 2024 | 30,713,000 | 775,000 (2.5%) | -1,500 | 24.1 | 53 | 12,518,000 (40.8%) | |
| 2023 | 29,938,000 | 763,000 (2.6%) | -1,500 | 24.0 | 52 | 12,018,000 (40.1%) | |
| 2022 | 29,175,000 | 749,000 (2.6%) | -1,500 | 23.9 | 50 | 11,531,000 (39.5%) | |
| 2021 | 28,426,000 | 735,000 (2.6%) | -1,500 | 23.7 | 49 | 11,058,000 (38.9%) | |
| 2020 | 27,691,000 | 721,000 (2.6%) | -1,500 | 23.6 | 3.97 | 48 | 10,598,000 (38.3%) |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,500 | 23.5 | 4.03 | 46 | 10,152,000 (37.6%) |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,500 | 23.4 | 4.08 | 45 | 9,720,000 (37.0%) |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,500 | 23.3 | 4.13 | 44 | 9,302,000 (36.4%) |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,500 | 23.1 | 4.19 | 43 | 8,897,561 (35.7%) |
| 2015 | 24,234,088 | 644,287 (2.7%) | -1,500 | 23.0 | 4.24 | 42 | 8,507,377 (35.1%) |
| 2010 | 21,151,640 | 582,519 (2.8%) | -1,500 | 22.4 | 4.60 | 36 | 6,753,507 (31.9%) |
| 2005 | 18,336,724 | 533,727 (2.9%) | -1,500 | 22.0 | 5.05 | 32 | 5,283,544 (28.8%) |
| 2000 | 15,766,806 | 484,285 (3.1%) | -1,500 | 21.8 | 5.55 | 27 | 4,276,115 (27.1%) |
| 1995 | 13,475,400 | 408,857 (3.0%) | -1,700 | 21.8 | 5.98 | 23 | 3,476,114 (25.8%) |
| 1990 | 11,598,633 | 329,975 (2.8%) | -1,900 | 21.8 | 6.18 | 20 | 2,733,334 (23.6%) |
| 1985 | 10,063,495 | 282,623 (2.8%) | -2,000 | 21.8 | 6.35 | 17 | 2,106,591 (20.9%) |
| 1980 | 8,716,553 | 246,881 (2.8%) | -2,000 | 21.9 | 6.73 | 15 | 1,614,654 (18.5%) |
| 1975 | 7,556,026 | 210,246 (2.8%) | -6,000 | 22.3 | 7.10 | 13 | 1,234,201 (16.3%) |
| 1970 | 6,576,305 | 174,384 (2.7%) | -3,800 | 22.7 | 7.27 | 11 | 927,259 (14.1%) |
| 1965 | 5,769,218 | 144,054 (2.5%) | -1,600 | 23.2 | 7.31 | 10 | 714,171 (12.4%) |
| 1960 | 5,099,373 | 124,195 (2.4%) | 23.7 | 7.30 | 9 | 542,675 (10.6%) |
In 2024 the population of Madagascar was 30,713,000 and the average age increased from 23.7 in 1960 to 24.1. Urban population has increased from 4,276,115 (27.1%) in 2000 to 13,031,000 (41.4%) in the current year. The population density of Madagascar has changed from 15.0 in 1980 to 51.5 in 2023.
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,500 | 23.6 | 3.97 | 48 | 10,598,000 (38.3%) |
| 2025 | 31,500,000 | 787,000 (2.5%) | -1,500 | 24.3 | 3.73 | 54 | 13,031,000 (41.4%) |
| 2030 | 35,592,000 | 837,000 (2.4%) | -1,500 | 25.0 | 3.51 | 61 | 15,774,000 (44.3%) |
| 2035 | 39,891,000 | 874,000 (2.2%) | -1,500 | 25.8 | 3.31 | 69 | 18,763,000 (47.0%) |
| 2040 | 44,368,000 | 910,000 (2.1%) | -1,500 | 26.6 | 3.15 | 76 | 22,046,000 (49.7%) |
| 2045 | 49,013,000 | 942,000 (1.9%) | -1,500 | 27.5 | 3.00 | 84 | 25,657,000 (52.3%) |
| 2050 | 53,803,000 | 968,000 (1.8%) | -1,500 | 28.4 | 2.87 | 93 | 29,587,000 (55.0%) |
The life expectancy at birth should reach 74.3 (72.1 years for male and 76.7 years for females). Population density will go up to 92.5 people per square kilometer.
The demographics of Madagascar constitutes of 15,777,000 women and 15,723,000 men, which means there are 997 men per 1000 women. As far as age distribution goes, 49.3% of population (15,516,900) is 19 or younger, 47.3% of population (14,905,800) is between age 20 and 64 and 3.4% of population (1,071,000) is over 65.