The population of Estonia is expected to decrease by 5,000 in 2025 and reach 1,275,000 in 2026. Migration (including immigration and emigration) decreases population by 1,000 people yearly. On average there are 12,291 births and 16,046 deaths in Estonia per year. The population density of Estonia has changed from 34.8 in 1980 to 30.4 in 2023.
| Current population | 1,277,520 people at present (Monday 30th of June 2025) | |
| Median Age | 43.3 years |
| Life expectancy | 78.8 years | |
| Population density | 30.2 per km2 |
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 1,280,000 | -5,000 (-0.4%) | -1,000 | 43.3 | 1.73 | 30 | 865,000 (67.5%) |
| 2024 | 1,285,000 | -5,000 (-0.4%) | -1,000 | 43.1 | 30 | 867,000 (67.5%) | |
| 2023 | 1,290,000 | -4,000 (-0.3%) | -1,000 | 43.0 | 30 | 869,000 (67.4%) | |
| 2022 | 1,294,000 | -4,000 (-0.3%) | -1,000 | 42.8 | 31 | 872,000 (67.4%) | |
| 2021 | 1,298,000 | -4,000 (-0.3%) | -1,000 | 42.7 | 31 | 874,000 (67.4%) | |
| 2020 | 1,302,000 | -4,000 (-0.3%) | -1,000 | 42.5 | 1.69 | 31 | 877,000 (67.3%) |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,000 | 42.4 | 1.66 | 31 | 880,000 (67.4%) |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,000 | 42.3 | 1.63 | 31 | 882,000 (67.4%) |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,000 | 42.2 | 1.60 | 31 | 885,000 (67.4%) |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,000 | 42.0 | 1.57 | 31 | 888,203 (67.5%) |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 862 (0.1%) | -1,000 | 41.8 | 1.54 | 31 | 888,400 (67.5%) |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | -3,040 (-0.2%) | -2,103 | 40.9 | 1.72 | 31 | 906,655 (68.1%) |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | -7,775 (-0.6%) | -3,030 | 40.0 | 1.52 | 32 | 931,205 (68.7%) |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 6,741 (0.5%) | -3,681 | 38.8 | 1.36 | 33 | 969,061 (69.4%) |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | -25,880 (-1.8%) | -239 | 37.4 | 1.38 | 34 | 1,009,954 (70.3%) |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 1,043 (0.1%) | -22,375 | 35.9 | 2.05 | 37 | 1,117,738 (71.2%) |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 10,164 (0.7%) | 3,099 | 35.8 | 2.13 | 36 | 1,081,872 (70.8%) |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 8,886 (0.6%) | 5,180 | 35.7 | 2.02 | 35 | 1,029,784 (69.7%) |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 11,183 (0.8%) | 6,102 | 35.6 | 2.04 | 34 | 966,085 (67.6%) |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 14,827 (1.1%) | 6,116 | 35.4 | 2.17 | 32 | 883,329 (64.9%) |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 17,480 (1.4%) | 8,241 | 34.9 | 1.88 | 31 | 794,190 (61.3%) |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 13,540 (1.1%) | 8,646 | 34.6 | 1.98 | 29 | 697,034 (57.5%) |
In 2024 the population of Estonia was 1,285,000 and the average age increased from 34.6 in 1960 to 43.1. Urban population has increased from 969,061 (69.4%) in 2000 to 865,000 (67.5%) in the current year. The population density of Estonia has changed from 34.8 in 1980 to 30.4 in 2023.
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | -1,000 | 42.5 | 1.69 | 31 | 877,000 (67.3%) |
| 2025 | 1,280,000 | -5,000 (-0.4%) | -1,000 | 43.3 | 1.73 | 30 | 865,000 (67.5%) |
| 2030 | 1,253,000 | -6,000 (-0.5%) | -1,000 | 44.2 | 1.76 | 30 | 853,000 (68.1%) |
| 2035 | 1,221,000 | -7,000 (-0.6%) | -1,000 | 45.0 | 1.78 | 29 | 843,000 (69.0%) |
| 2040 | 1,192,000 | -5,000 (-0.4%) | -1,000 | 45.7 | 1.79 | 28 | 837,000 (70.3%) |
| 2045 | 1,164,000 | -6,000 (-0.5%) | -1,000 | 46.1 | 1.81 | 28 | 833,000 (71.5%) |
| 2050 | 1,138,000 | -5,000 (-0.4%) | -1,000 | 46.3 | 1.82 | 27 | 828,000 (72.7%) |
The life expectancy at birth should reach 83.1 (80.0 years for male and 86.4 years for females). Population density will go down to 27.0 people per square kilometer.
The demographics of Estonia constitutes of 676,000 women and 605,000 men, which means there are 895 men per 1000 women. As far as age distribution goes, 22.0% of population (280,960) is 19 or younger, 56.1% of population (718,208) is between age 20 and 64 and 22.0% of population (280,960) is over 65.