The population of Mongolia is expected to grow by 40,212 in 2026 and reach 3,648,524 in 2027. Migration (including immigration and emigration) increases population by 12 people yearly. On average there are 59,741 births and 20,660 deaths in Mongolia per year. Rate of natural increase is approximately 1.08 percent per year. The population density of Mongolia has changed from 1.1 in 1980 to 2.3 in 2024.
| Current population | 3,642,381 people at present (Wednesday 4th of November 2026) | |
| Median Age | 30.1 years |
| Life expectancy | 72.8 years | |
| Population density | 2.3 per km2 |
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 3,609,190 | 40,212 (1.1%) | 12 | 30.1 | 2.46 | 2 | 2,574,241 (71.3%) |
| 2025 | 3,568,978 | 44,190 (1.2%) | 79 | 29.8 | 2.48 | 2 | 2,539,152 (71.1%) |
| 2024 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 83 | 29.6 | 2.50 | 2 | 2,501,070 (71.0%) |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 29.3 | 2.70 | 2 | 2,452,343 (70.4%) |
| 2022 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 29.1 | 2.70 | 2 | 2,396,200 (69.8%) |
| 2021 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 28.9 | 2.80 | 2 | 2,342,067 (69.2%) |
| 2020 | 3,327,204 | 59,531 (1.8%) | 0 | 28.7 | 2.90 | 2 | 2,265,476 (68.1%) |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 8,660 | 28.6 | 3.00 | 2 | 2,216,388 (67.8%) |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 7,811 | 28.5 | 2.90 | 2 | 2,177,345 (67.9%) |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 6,831 | 28.4 | 2.80 | 2 | 2,138,935 (67.9%) |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 5,633 | 28.3 | 3.00 | 2 | 2,099,733 (68.0%) |
| 2015 | 3,026,864 | 63,751 (2.1%) | 4,307 | 28.3 | 3.00 | 2 | 2,058,268 (68.0%) |
| 2010 | 2,738,622 | 47,507 (1.7%) | -6,444 | 27.8 | 2.40 | 2 | 1,857,602 (67.8%) |
| 2005 | 2,536,407 | 27,995 (1.1%) | -8,924 | 26.6 | 2.00 | 2 | 1,580,493 (62.3%) |
| 2000 | 2,388,299 | 31,486 (1.3%) | -11,241 | 25.0 | 2.20 | 2 | 1,354,895 (56.7%) |
| 1995 | 2,224,945 | 35,550 (1.6%) | -7,346 | 23.8 | 2.77 | 1 | 1,263,587 (56.8%) |
| 1990 | 2,098,710 | -25,475 (-1.2%) | -11,881 | 23.1 | 4.50 | 1 | 1,196,721 (57.0%) |
| 1985 | 1,921,514 | 47,165 (2.5%) | -1,719 | 23.2 | 5.26 | 1 | 1,074,248 (55.9%) |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 | 40,676 (2.4%) | -1,268 | 23.3 | 6.21 | 1 | 889,171 (52.3%) |
| 1975 | 1,488,296 | 42,246 (2.8%) | 6,556 | 23.7 | 7.07 | 1 | 725,071 (48.7%) |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 | 32,988 (2.6%) | 3,263 | 24.6 | 7.31 | 1 | 582,783 (45.0%) |
| 1965 | 1,131,177 | 30,943 (2.7%) | 5,610 | 25.9 | 7.38 | 1 | 479,011 (42.3%) |
| 1960 | 977,595 | 31,689 (3.1%) | 10,334 | 26.9 | 6.82 | 1 | 360,472 (36.9%) |
In 2025 the population of Mongolia was 3,568,978 and the average age increased from 26.9 in 1960 to 29.8. Urban population has increased from 1,354,895 (56.7%) in 2000 to 2,574,241 (71.3%) in the current year. The population density of Mongolia has changed from 1.1 in 1980 to 2.3 in 2024.
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | 28.7 | 2.90 | 2 | 2,265,476 (68.1%) |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 (0.0%) | 79 | 29.8 | 2.48 | 2 | 2,539,152 (71.1%) |
| 2030 | 3,760,812 | 36,834 (1.0%) | 35 | 31.3 | 2.39 | 2 | 2,706,134 (72.0%) |
| 2035 | 3,948,068 | 38,556 (1.0%) | -320 | 32.6 | 2.25 | 3 | 2,864,745 (72.6%) |
| 2040 | 4,151,550 | 41,638 (1.0%) | -181 | 33.6 | 2.14 | 3 | 3,029,618 (73.0%) |
| 2045 | 4,361,320 | 41,659 (1.0%) | 923 | 34.3 | 2.05 | 3 | 3,193,259 (73.2%) |
| 2050 | 4,550,588 | 35,083 (0.8%) | -253 | 35.1 | 1.99 | 3 | 3,335,759 (73.3%) |
The life expectancy at birth should reach 77.7 (73.9 years for male and 81.5 years for females). Population density will go up to 2.9 people per square kilometer.
The population growth rate is 1.13% (44,190 residents, including 19,386 deaths). The demographics of Mongolia constitutes of 1,811,765 women and 1,797,425 men, which means there are 992 men per 1000 women. As far as age distribution goes, 39.9% of population (1,439,345) is 19 or younger, 54.4% of population (1,962,678) is between age 20 and 64 and 5.7% of population (207,168) is over 65.