The population of Mongolia is expected to grow by 46,000 in 2018 and reach 3,166,000 in 2019. Migration (including immigration and emigration) decreases population by 3,000 people yearly. On average there are 69,573 births and 19,928 deaths in Mongolia per year. Rate of natural increase is approximately 1.59 percent per year. The population density of Mongolia has changed from 1.1 in 1980 to 1.9 in 2016.
| Current population | 3,164,312 people at present (Monday 17th of December 2018) | |
| Median Age | 29.1 years |
| Life expectancy | 69.6 years | |
| Population density | 2.0 per km2 |
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 3,122,000 | 46,000 (1.5%) | -3,000 | 29.1 | 2.67 | 2 | 2,319,000 (74.3%) |
| 2017 | 3,076,000 | 48,602 (1.6%) | -3,000 | 28.9 | 2.71 | 2 | 2,263,000 (73.6%) |
| 2016 | 3,027,398 | 50,521 (1.7%) | -3,000 | 28.7 | 2.75 | 2 | 2,204,642 (72.8%) |
| 2015 | 2,976,877 | 52,981 (1.8%) | -3,000 | 28.6 | 2.79 | 2 | 2,144,542 (72.0%) |
| 2010 | 2,712,650 | 44,361 (1.6%) | -3,000 | 28.0 | 2.64 | 2 | 1,832,856 (67.6%) |
| 2005 | 2,526,446 | 29,614 (1.2%) | -3,000 | 26.9 | 2.17 | 2 | 1,578,877 (62.5%) |
| 2000 | 2,397,436 | 21,274 (0.9%) | -3,000 | 25.3 | 2.14 | 2 | 1,369,727 (57.1%) |
| 1995 | 2,298,039 | 17,543 (0.8%) | -10,493 | 24.1 | 2.74 | 1 | 1,305,401 (56.8%) |
| 1990 | 2,184,145 | 43,137 (2.0%) | -17,686 | 23.7 | 4.05 | 1 | 1,245,683 (57.0%) |
| 1985 | 1,921,881 | 50,791 (2.6%) | 23.5 | 5.35 | 1 | 1,057,803 (55.0%) | |
| 1980 | 1,689,622 | 43,331 (2.6%) | 23.5 | 6.21 | 1 | 880,006 (52.1%) | |
| 1975 | 1,479,651 | 41,226 (2.8%) | 23.8 | 7.14 | 1 | 719,939 (48.7%) | |
| 1970 | 1,278,825 | 36,611 (2.9%) | 24.4 | 7.57 | 1 | 576,136 (45.1%) | |
| 1965 | 1,107,124 | 32,610 (3.0%) | 25.4 | 7.59 | 1 | 466,254 (42.1%) | |
| 1960 | 955,505 | 26,673 (2.7%) | 26.8 | 6.95 | 1 | 340,915 (35.7%) |
In 2017 the population of Mongolia was 3,076,000 and the average age increased from 26.8 in 1960 to 28.9. Urban population has increased from 1,369,727 (57.1%) in 2000 to 2,319,000 (74.3%) in the current year. The population density of Mongolia has changed from 1.1 in 1980 to 1.9 in 2016.
| Year | Population | Year change | Migrants | Median age | Fertility rate | Density (Ppl/km2) | Urban population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 3,209,000 | 43,000 (1.3%) | -3,000 | 29.5 | 2.59 | 2 | 2,426,000 (75.6%) |
| 2025 | 3,402,000 | 35,000 (1.0%) | -3,000 | 30.7 | 2.46 | 2 | 2,666,000 (78.4%) |
| 2030 | 3,561,000 | 30,000 (0.8%) | -3,000 | 32.0 | 2.36 | 2 | 2,864,000 (80.4%) |
| 2035 | 3,698,000 | 26,000 (0.7%) | -3,000 | 33.3 | 2.27 | 2 | 3,028,000 (81.9%) |
| 2040 | 3,827,000 | 26,000 (0.7%) | -3,000 | 34.4 | 2.20 | 3 | 3,172,000 (82.9%) |
| 2045 | 3,954,000 | 25,000 (0.6%) | -3,000 | 35.3 | 2.14 | 3 | 3,316,000 (83.9%) |
| 2050 | 4,075,000 | 23,000 (0.6%) | -3,000 | 36.0 | 2.10 | 3 | 3,454,000 (84.8%) |
Total Mongolia population should reach 3,209,000 by 2020 and should increase to 4,075,000 people by year 2050. The life expectancy at birth should reach 75.0 (71.1 years for male and 79.2 years for females). Population density will go up to 2.6 people per square kilometer.
The population growth rate is 1.50% (48,602 residents, including 19,173 deaths). The demographics of Mongolia constitutes of 1,578,000 women and 1,543,000 men, which means there are 978 men per 1000 women. As far as age distribution goes, 36.8% of population (1,149,208) is 19 or younger, 59.1% of population (1,844,478) is between age 20 and 64 and 4.1% of population (128,939) is over 65.